“Getting the Mix Right Again: An updated and theoretical rationale for interaction” by Terry Anderson in The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, Vol 4, No 2 (2003):

Interaction has always been valued in education. As long ago as 1916, John Dewey referred to a form of internal interaction as the defining component of the educational process that occurs when the student transforms the inert information passed to them from another, and constructs it into knowledge with personal application and value (Dewey, 1916). Later, from a distance education perspective, Holmberg (1989) argued