We have entered the last month of 2010, and with that, one would assume that the world, globally, would be moving ahead. But after reading this chapter I am amazed at how little domestic violence has changed. The United States media puts a stigma on domestic violence and laws forbid it, but it still happens in many homes. This was not very surprising to me. I suspect that domestic violence is fueled by many men’s deep control issues (however it is not limited to men). Violence in India shocked me however. The fact that domestic violence is only ever spoken of if it is very violent, or how both men and women find it acceptable if the wife is “misbehaving.” Misbehaving by who’s standards? The husband’s? And the husband is not discouraged from beating her. He is given several “justifiable” reasons to blame the abuse on. The only reason I can find that helps me understand why women may tolerate and accept the abuse, is because they are given no other alternative. Women can try to live on their own but because it is extremely hard to get a good paying job (no where near a man’s wage) and the stigma assigned to leaving her husband women stay. They are also taught from the beginning that men are more valuable and that women just “drain” their family economically. Without having options, role models, or enlightenment to an entirely different life  style, they have no other choice but to accept being married and abused.

In Japan, women do have the option to leave their husbands and be financially secure, but there are no strict laws to protect them from their husbands. In Vietnam women suffer from “invisible violence” -going home after work and working their second shift as mother and housewife- and “visible violence.” And in Uganda, domestic abuse is seen as “part of the culture.” We are transitioning into the year 2011 and yet, the world is still accepting the abuse and oppression of women and children. Although much of this violence takes place in rural areas it takes place among many college graduates living in Urban areas as well. Something must be done.

-Olga

     In her book “The Family in Global Perspective: A Gendered Journey,” Elaine Leeder discusses the disturbing trend of domestic violence practiced all over the globe.  She focuses on four countries in particular: India, Japan, Vietnam, and Africa.  All four countries see domestic violence as the “norm” and many women and children suffer for this reason.  India and Japan have no specific laws against wife battering.  Vietnam and Africa have laws in place to protect women and children, but sentences are rarely carried out because law enforcement views the problem as part of their culture. 

     Domestic abuse is so common in industrialized nations it seems because of the rising demands of upward mobility and competition on the workforce.  Men (who are typically the head of the household) carry large burdens and stressors to provide for their family and they tend to carry out their aggression in the form of corporal punishment.

      Most women in these countries never complain about domestic violence because there are few, if any, laws to protect them.  Those who do speak up are considered disobedient and therefore suffer more serious abuse.  Men in India are permitted to abuse their wives under certain circumstances such as when he is drunk (if he is otherwise a good husband), dowry problems, his wife’s infidelity, disobedience, or neglect of household duties.  Wife battering is permitted in Japan because a man’s wife is considered his property.  Violence is an integral part of Japanese society.

     Vietnamese women are somewhat protected from physical abuse but suffer from what is called “invisible violence;” intimidation and fear drive marital relationships.  It is common for the women to work and bring in the majority of the income but she is still considered inferior to her husband.  Vietnamese law considers women equal to men, though it is rarely practiced.   Sons are preferred by Vietnamese families, so women who give birth to daughters are more likely to be abused.  Girls are considered to be economically draining, where son’s can eventually provide for their family.  Sex trade is also common in Vietnam and the industry is growing.

     Violence against one’s wife in parts of Africa is considered legitimate and part of their culture.  Many countries do not have the funds to cover the many social and health problems they face, so funding programs to protect women from domestic violence is basically out of the question.  The World Health Organization and United Nations are working towards solving the issue of female circumcision; a practice typical of Africa and parts of Southwest Asia where young girls are bodies are cut and scraped to make their bodies more attractive and marriageable. 

     Although Leeder encourages us to suspend “any ethnocentric value judgements” about family violence, these practices are unwarranted and require global intervention.  Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s culture is superior over another.  All cultural beliefs aside, domestic abuse is a matter of human right issues, regardless of tradition.  It is hard to believe that the women who are suffering choose to stay silent because they “deserve” to be abused because their ancestors said so.  I can imagine that inside each one of these women and girls is someone dying to get out and make a change toward gender equality and strict laws punishing the abuser. BY AMANDA

Domestic violence in these countries is similar because it affects a great amount of the woman and children. The men of these countries are assumed to be better than the women. It differs by the punishments for abusing people and by the ratios of it happening and the amount of help you can get or receive. I feel you are raised a wife beater and the men of these countries believe it is a man’s world still. I also feel rising industrialization and modernization increase domestic violence because the men feel women will overthrow them and it scares man. The women of these countries don’t complain because they think it is normal to get beat, it is how they were raised.

When Leeder say “suspends any ethnocentric value judgments about family violence” she means do not judge a woman’s culture by the standards of your own culture. These values might seem wrong to you or off but in that woman’s eyes it is normal. It is their culture. Just because they believe in, family violence doesn’t mean you have to.