The three theoretical models used to explain and treat eating disorders are biomedical model, psychological model and the feminist model. The biomedical model focuses on scientific research, while ignoring many social, historical and cultural factors that influence eating patterns. The psychological model states that eating problems are “multidimensional disorders” that are influenced by biological, psychological and cultural factors. The biomedical model as well as the psychological model tends to neglect women of different ethnicities, lesbians and working class woman, which is where the feminist model comes into play. The feminist model explains why woman have the highest level of eating disorders and how sexism may relate.
Sexual abuse has been shown to have a direct correlation with eating disorders. This is because they did not have control of their bodies, so eating becomes an anesthetic that calms them. They turn to food the way others turn to drugs or alcohol. This is also because they try to make themselves “unattractive” in a means to prevent this from happening in the future; especially in the case of incest.
Racism and class can contribute to eating disorders as well. Some cultures dictate you must be thin, while others believe is a more curvy body. Many cultures have strong ties to eating, and are centered around food. You also have conflicting messages, where your family may think you need to gain or lose weight, while people at school may say the opposite. When you watch a movie or look in a magazine there are so many bodies to compare your own too. A simple diet with minimal weight loss resulting in positive comments may lead to obsessive dieting leading to an eating disorder. While those who live in poverty often over eat as food is easily accessible and inexpensive.
With this being said it would be impossible to try and treat someone with an eating disorder with only one approach. You would need to treat mind, body and soul to fully treat someone with an eating disorder. A combination of all three models, as well as supportive family and friends would be required.